• For Monday:  read  pp. 69-75, 
  • What is the main function of the cell membrane?  How does the structure of phospholipids help explain how cell membranes do their job?
  • What is permeability and how is it connected to these concepts?   cholesterol, unsaturated lipid or fatty acid, saturated lipid or fatty acid, membrane fluidity, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, amphipathic, lipid bilayer, diffusion, temperature
  • Use p. 70  to begin work on the last column of the microscope table (download, second page); also check out pp. 80-81 
  • make sure you can USE (not just define) all these terms:  Lipid, hydrocarbon, fatty acid, steroids, phospholipids, fats, hydrocarbon tail, polar head group, cholesterol, unsaturated lipid or fatty acid, saturated lipid or fatty acid, membrane fluidity, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, amphipathic, lipid bilayer, planar bilayer (artificial membrane), liposome, diffusion, selective permeability, transmission electon microscope (TEM), electron beam, electromagnetic lenses, fixing a cell, lead stain (or other heavy metal stain), screen coated with fluorescent crystals
  • Preview of questions for next Monday's test and this Monday's quiz :
    • Invent or find experiments which could test each of these hypotheses:
      • small, nonpolar molecules pass through membrane phospholipid layers because they can be dissolved in lipid.
      • (see fig. 4.9) Cholesterol decreases membrane permeability.
      • Unsaturated "tails" increase membrane permeability.
      • (see box 4.3 and fig. 4.14, pp. 80-81) Membrane proteins often span the membrane (fluid-mosaic hypothesis)
    • p. 87 content review #1, concept review #1 and #2
  • (optional) newly-revised tutorial (includes osmosis, etc.; skip these question and focus on basic structure) http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/problem_sets/membranes/index.html 
  • skip the rest of chapter 5 for now.

     

• Wednesday: read pp. 90-100   
  • p. 90.  19th-century biologists developed "cell theory."  What is it?  (Reviewing chapter 1 would be a good idea.)
  • p. 91.  What is a prokaryotic cell?  (review p. 7)   Which structures do they have?  Fill these in in the first column of the third table.
  • p. 93.  What is cytoplasm?  What is an organelle?  Why do organelles need membranes?  Note:  organelle membranes are phospholipid bilayers, like the plasma membrane on the outside but with different proteins and sometimes with different combinations of phospholipids.
  • p. 93 and fig. 5.2.  You may want to make notes about the different types of cells and organelle characteristics on the appropriate cell tables.
    • chloroplast structure is detailed on fig. 7.2 (p. 136)
    • other plastids (optional) are described on  p. 142. (box 7.1)
    • mitochondrion structure is shown on fig. 6.8 (p. 122).  Its function is energy conversions-- synthesis of the ATP shown as the reactant on fig. 5.3b.
  • pp. 94-5 (basic cell processes and energy) are summarized on fig 5.3.
  • USING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
    •  pp. 94d-97 and CD Activity 5.1 Transport into the Nucleus are about USING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO EXPLAIN NUCLEAR TRANSPORT.
    • pp. 97b-99a and CD Activity 5.2 Pulse-Chase Experiment are about USING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO DISCOVER THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM.
    • pp. 99-100 explains the signal hypothesis
    • (optional) 101-103 has more experiments involving the signal hypothesis and  the endomembrane system.
    • Be prepared to summarize at least some of these "stories" on an experiment summary form.  
  • make sure you can USE (not just define) these  terms.  Prokaryote, eukaryote, cell membrane, cell wall (carbohydrate, not phospholipid), cytoplasm, chromosome, ribosome, flagella, organelle, peroxisomes, mitochondria, chloroplast, ATP, central vacuole, lysosomes, centrioles, nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuclear pore, nucleolus, nuclear localization signal, pulse-chase technique, endomembrane system, smooth endoplasmic reticulum , rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cisternae, transport vesicle, signal hypothesis, signal sequence
  • Preview of test and quiz questions:

    • P. 111 content review #1, 2, 3, 4, 5; concept review  #1, 2, 3, 4, 6; figure review #1, 2, 3

    • Invent or find experiments which could test each of these hypotheses:

      • Muscle cells use calories faster than fat cells do. 
      • All organisms come from preexisting cells.
      • Most of a cell's DNA is in its nucleus.
      • the rER synthesizes the phospholipids which will become parts of membranes.
      • Cells responsible for secretion need extra Golgi bodies.

      • Eukaryotic cells originated from symbiotic prokaryotic cells.

    • and don't forget the SCIENTIFIC METHOD examples above

   

• Friday: pp. 101-110.   
  • Finish the endomembrane topic by making sure you understand fig. 5.11 and 5.12
  • pp. 102-105.  The cytoskeleton.  You need to know that all three categories are proteins, all three responsible for various types of motion and structure.  You should be able to give some examples, but you will not be tested on the differences between microfilaments, microtubules,and intermediate filaments.  You should know that they are part of the cyto- skeleton, though.
  • pp. 106-7.  Motor proteins moving vesicles along microtubule tracks:  Be prepared to explain how these work and hope that you get to see the video in class.  
  • pp. 107b-109. Eukaryotic cilia and flagella.  Be able to explain (in non-technical language) how they move and the connection of movement to their famous "9+2" microtubule structure.
  •  make sure you can USE (not just define) these  terms. green fluorescent protein, cytoskeleton, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules, motor proteins, ATP, cilia, flagellum
  • Review the microscope information with the critter lab, and finish the microscope table. and make sure you can answer questions based on it.
  • Finish the other tables.  and make sure you 
  • Practice identifying structures in micrographs.  Use 
    • your textbook, 
    • the internet's   best pictures
    • lab flashcards, 
    • figure review #1, 2, 3
    • the links on Dr. Jann's cell table
    • Virtual Cell  or Nanoworld Image Gallery     
    • your knowledge of their sizes will help when you have to label specific organelles on a photograph.
  • Optional Review with this: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/index.htm [click on "the cell"] (this review does not include the details required to make an A; it’s just for making sure you understand the basics.   For more detail, review with this site:  http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/pev/02Q.html)
  • Preview of test and quiz questions:
    • Could you invent or find experiments to test these hypotheses :
      • The cytoskeleton requires attachments of microfilaments to each other.
      • Flagella and cilia require ATP for movement.
      • Vesicles move along microtubules but not microfilaments.
      • and don't forget the experiments from the CD; be able to complete experiment summary forms for them..
    •  P. 111 content review #6, 7, 8;     concept review  #5; figure review #1, 2, 3
    • Friday's quiz and Monday's test and the final exam will have micrographs (TEM photos, mostly) of cells with scale bars on them.  You will have to label some of  the organelles. 

All cells have chromosomes, ribosomes, some type of energy-conversion system, and phospholipid membranes with protein channels and enzymes.

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