BIOLOGY 103
      Chapter 4:  MEMBRANES

 
most important concept:
All cells have lipid membranes
with protein channels and enzymes.


chart for Friday
:
Download your own table

lecture

Internet Links

 

MOST IMPORTANT INFO:

  1. REVIEW THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE. 

    • Make sure that you can identify all the molecules shown on these figures:  4.2, 4.3, 4.4. 4.5, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9 

    • Review the characteristics of phospholipids; why are the hydrophilic "heads" such a big deal?   Why is cholesterol there?   

    • Proteins are important again.  

      • Why are enzymes in membranes?  What are their functions?  

      • Be able to list some functions of the other membrane proteins.  

      • In which proteins are the structures critical to their functions?  What do we mean by primary, secondary, tertiary, quartenary structure?  

      • This type of question is still VERY important:  
        mutations affecting shape of receptor proteins: 
        New cause identified for incurable muscle condition
        Define mutation in terms of DNA, primary structure and quartenary structure of protein, function. Be able to diagram (rough cartoons) of this mutant receptor and compare with a normal receptor.

  2. PROCESSES FOR MOVING THROUGH MEMBRANES.   Download your own table.  
    Study textbook pp. 77-79, 82b-86
    This table, after you fill in the details, will summarize the important parts.

PROCESS ENERGY SOURCE HOW IT HAPPENS WHAT MOVES this way
Diffusion

 

Random molecular motion

(passive)

Dissolved substances become  evenly dispersed = net movement from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration for each substance independently.  Molecules move through membrane faster when they're smaller and when the temperature rises.

Brownian motion

fig. 4.10   Activity 4.1 Diffusion and Osmosis

Small uncharged molecules, larger nonpolar molecules:

Oxygen, ethanol, steroids,

Osmosis __(fill it in)__   Like regular diffusion except ________(fill it in)______
  1. 2003 Nobel Prize in chemistry:  http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/302/5644/383/F4 mutations of aquaporin http://www.jci.org/cgi/content-nw/full/109/11/1395/F3
    aquaporin structure & animations of water flow  http://www.mpibpc.gwdg.de/abteilungen/071/bgroot
    /presentations/aqp1_dyn/md_glpf.html

  2. see pp. 77-9 and fig.4.11 and Activity 4.1 Diffusion and Osmosis (you don't have to master these terms:  hypertonic & hypotonic)

__(fill it in)_
Facilitated Diffusion __(fill it in)__ Like regular diffusion except ________(fill it in)______
  1. Porin is a good example:
    http://www.clunet.edu/BioDev/omm/porins/pormast.htm
  2. lots of other examples http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/lehre/bza/kanal/eporen.htm
  3. animations of channels:
    spiral model voltage-gated:                 http://www.utexas.edu/ftp/depts/pharmacology/gonzales/spiral.mov ligand-gated:   http://www.utexas.edu/ftp/depts/pharmacology/gonzales/l-g_ch.mov
  4. potassium channel http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/280/5360/69  2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
  5. Summary of types, with technical papers:  http://www.its.caltech.edu/~lester/
  6. For more examples, see the ion channel pages (Note:  some channels are for active transport, below): http://phy025.lubb.ttuhsc.edu/Neely/ionchann.htm
  7. see pp. 82-5 and Activity 4.2 Facilitated Diffusion
  8. Case study:  See CF pp. 85-6 and in web links below.

materials which fit carriers or channels: Sugar, ions,__(fill it in)__
Active Transport Cell energy sources (usually ATP) Dissolved substances become _______ dispersed
= net movement is often from areas of _____ concentration to areas of _________ concentration

1. Important!  See a cartoon animation at
http://rsb.info.nih.gov/NeuroChem/biomach/IONpmp.html
2 . co-transport see http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/301/5633/603 
3. lots of other examples http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/lehre/bza/kanal/eporen.htm
4. your textbook  doesn't have enough detail here.  Pay attention in class. 

_(fill it in)__

 

 

&  ions
&

Endocytosis (active) (phagocytosis)

 

Cell energy sources, maybe like the actin-ATPase example in the enzyme help page Membrane surrounds and engulfs substances, usually (maybe always) attached to receptors on external face of membrane.  

 Book doesn't have enough detail here.  Pay attention in class. 
_(fill it in)__
Exocytosis

(active)

(secretion)

_(fill it in)__ Reverse of endocytosis:  _(fill it in)__
 Book doesn't have enough detail here.  Pay attention in class.

see text figure 5.8 (p. 99) 

_(fill it in)__
  • Checklist:  lipid, hydrocarbon , fatty acid, steroids, phospholipids, fats, hydrocarbon tail, polar head group, cholesterol, unsaturated lipid, saturated lipid, membrane fluidity, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, amphipathic, lipid bilayer, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, selective permeability, fluid-mosaic model, antibiotic, ion channel, ion carrier, glucose transporter (GLUT-1), cystic fibrosis, CFTR, median life expectancy

  • Preview of Quiz & Exam questions:

 
All cells have lipid membranes with protein channels and enzymes.

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