Reproductive Characters and Plant sex    

• Review for Test 3   asex lecture

• Go to Lab 9a (flowers  and the meaning of sex)   lecture

• Go to Lab 9b (fruits )   fruit lecture

• Go to Taxonomy 4 (Herbarium & Collection Procedures)

• Go to Taxonomy 5 (Classification Systems for Flowers)

• Go to Taxonomy 1 (Review:  Principles of Classification)

•  Life cycle  http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs300/angio2.htm
•  
• new Rutgers' lab http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb101/lab8_angio_repro/index.html
  

LAB LINKS:   

•  http://www.ibiblio.org/botnet/glossary/syschar.html for details
  and

these for the basic terms:

• http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs300/glossary/flower.htm#infl

• http://csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/tfplab/reproch.htm

• http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/Wilson/tfp/repro/tfplec4f99.htm

• http://ucs.byu.edu/bioag/aghort/aghort100/glossary.htm

Fruit and seed slides: 

• http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/fruits

• http://botit.botany.wisc.edu:16080/images/130/Early_development/Capsella_bursa-pastoris/

• http://botit.botany.wisc.edu:16080/images/130/Early_development/Bean/

• http://botit.botany.wisc.edu:16080/images/130/Early_development/Corn_(Zea)/

• http://botit.botany.wisc.edu:16080/images/130/Early_development/Pea/

•  http://ucs.byu.edu/bioag/aghort/aghort100/smfruit.htm

EXTRAS

• Are tomatoes really fruits?  http://www.thefruitpages.com/tomatoes.shtml 

• Do pollinators really drive selection for flower color and shape?  http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5591/45

• evolution of floral scents:  they're not just for attracting pollinators, they're also for repelling enemies and warning their flower friends http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/296/5577/2327 & http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/296/5577/2329

• asexual propagation:  http://ucs.byu.edu/bioag/aghort/aghort100/asexprop.htm
            "The opposite of sex"  http://helix.nature.com/nsu/991223/991223-1.html
           Apomixis applications in biotech http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/294/5551/2463 

• "The Seedy Side of Plants" video's website http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/plants/index.html 

• "Johnny Appleseed" excerpt from The Botany of Desire http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/pollan-01botany.html 

• The Botany of Desire review http://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/06/arts/06BERN.html 

• hot sex http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5515/186a 

• How DO Plants Pick Their Mates?

• Plant incompatibility systems to prevent self-pollination (review with good diagrams):  http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/296/5566/305 

• pollen study:  www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology

• Pollen development research (optional) http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/88/1/14 

• pollen EM http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/biodic/EImPollens.html

• fruit facts http://www.crfg.org/pubs/frtfacts.html (about agriculture, etc.)

• review Pictures, questions, and labs on plant structure http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hort/bio.html#structure 

• PICTURES OF FLOWERS ETC.
  http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/digitalflowers     

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/ (searchable, thousands of pictures and botany slides)
guide to links for photographs & other botanical resources
Virtual Flowers for cheapskates to send
 fruit pictures:  http://ucs.byu.edu/bioag/aghort/aghort100/smfruit.htm
flower pictures:  http://ucs.byu.edu/bioag/aghort/aghort100/flower.htm (common horticultural spp.)

                      and more http://ucs.byu.edu/bioag/aghort/aghort100/images.htm 
 

DEEP GREEN and the ORIGINS OF FLOWERING PLANTS

• old & new classification charts http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/083199sci-evolution-species.1.GIF.html

• explanation http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/083199sci-evolution-species.html

• detailed charts

• http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/alllife/threedomains.html

• http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/alllife/eukaryotasy.html

• Tree of Life:  http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/phylogeny.html

• database of phylogenetic information   http://herbaria.harvard.edu/treebase/search.html

• http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html  click tree

• Origins of Angiosperms   http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/anthophyta/anthophytafr.html

• Deep Green:  http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/285/5430/990

• http://ucjeps.herb.berkeley.edu/bryolab/greenplantpage.html

• Amborella

  • fruit photo:  http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/newcaledonia/image/1643_30.jpg

  • shrub & flower photos:  http://www.ucsc.edu/currents/99-00/08-30/amborella.htm (click for more under the photo)

  • technical description http://www.keil.ukans.edu/delta/angio/www/amborell.htm (bad link now)

• early fossil flowers  http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/122199sci-archaeo-flowers.html

• fossil ancestors?  http://amjbot.org/cgi/content/abstract/86/11/1563      

• interpretation: http://helix.nature.com/nsu/991209/991209-8.html .

• The abominable mystery commentary on new research (linked) from China on early angiosperms.(advanced article from SCIENCE magazine; use library terminals or get the print version in 27 Nov 98 issue)

  • http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/102999sci-flower-evolution.html goes with "The Root of Angiosperm Phylogeny Inferred from Duplicate Phytochrome Genes"   http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/286/5441/947

• Cladistics     http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/clad/clad1.html

  • introduction to Phylogenetic Systematics

  • glossary for  terminology  http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss1phylo.html

• History and Background for classification

  • Plant Trivia Timeline:  http://www.huntington.org/BotanicalDiv/Timeline.html

  • http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/Wilson/tfp/ham/historyf99.htm

  • Classification review with photos from Ohio State: http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs/TMI/HORT300/classif.htm  bad link

  • Old Herbals      http://info.med.yale.edu/library/historical/fuchs/ 

  • Code for nomenclature  http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/iapt/nomenclature/code/tokyo-e/Art_03.htm .

  • Linnaeus http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html

• FOSSILS

  • flowers  http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/122199sci-archaeo-flowers.html

  • more  http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/archeology-index.html

  • Fossil Record chart with clickable details: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/plants/plantaefr.html

  • Pangaea, crayon pictures of continental drift: http://wwwshs1.bham.wednet.edu/curric/science/geophys/james/pan2.HTM

• Plant Evolution

  • on-line "textbooks" on evolution: http://www.iup.edu/~rgendron/bi112-a.htmlx  

  • http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-intro-to-biology.html

  • Darwin's Origin of Species (1859) [http://www.literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-the-species/ ]

  • More about Darwin http://campus.queens.edu/faculty/jannr/darwin.htm

• RECENT RESEARCH ON NATURAL SELECTION

  • new empirical evidence for natural selection http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/287/5451/306

  • speed of evolution

  • http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/287/5451/308

• another speed thing: http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/health/012100hth-sex-sperm.html

• commentary on some of the above: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/287/5451/207a

• mitochondrial DNA http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/012500sci-mitochondrial-dna.html

• smallest life forms? nanobes: http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/science/011800sci-space-nanobes.html

• Be prepared to explain how our ideas about ancestry (Ranalian vs amentiferan, woody magnoliid vs paleoherb, etc.) affect the various classification systems, and also be able to compare and contrast
  • phenetic / cladistic
  • classifying / ID-ing
  • natural system / intentional system
  • Bentham & Hooker / Engler / Asa Gray / RAB / DeepGreen
• Be able to explain anything in RAB:  the meaning and importance of each word or symbol in the description of any species and the history behind the names of the plants.
• Be able to explain the "rules" of specimen collection, preparation, ID, classification, naming, pronunciation, etc.and the underlying principles, philosophy, and reasons for these "rules."
• Family characteristics will not be on the test.
• For flowers and seeds, 

  • Lab 9a (flowers) and   Lab 9b (fruits and the meaning of sex)
    Be prepared to recognize slides and gross specimens and their parts as specified in the lab instructions.

  • Basically, you should know whether each specimen is a flower or inflorescence or fruit or seed, and you should be able to label all the parts. 
  • You should be able to describe the functions of all these structures, including the sexual parts of a flower and the parts of the resulting embryo and its containers.
  • You must be able to explain how each structure develops from its origins as a zygote or spore or endosperm nucleus or radicle or epicotyl.
  • You must be able to use your manual (RAB) quickly in deciding which technical terms for shape, size, arrangement, perianth parts, floral shape, inflorescence type, ovary position, fruit type, etc., etc., apply to gross specimens.
  • You should know whether any flower (microscopic or gross) is a monocot or a dicot and whether it has special adaptations for special functions or special habitats-- attracting pollinators, pollination, avoiding self-pollination, seed dispersal, etc. etc.
  • Be able to explain in shocking detail the sexual processes involved in reproductive characters.   Be able to explain how each floral part transforms itself into a fruit or seed component.
  • If you really know all of the above, you should be able to USE your knowledge in some practical applications beyond RAB ID's, like what horticulturists and farmers should worry about in pollinating and propagating, or where seeds and fruit come from and why, or how to explain plant sex to your friends and loved ones, or how to get your plant to make flowers or fruits, or which parts of grains are most nutritious, or ...
   
  • Download a sample test    and 2001 test   
    Here's the test from 2002
  •