History Department      

History/ Religion 345 – RELIGION IN AMERICA – October 26, 2005  

A New Intellectual Climate  

Note: America after the Civil War was drastically different from America before the Civil War.  How would America’s various religions adapt to this new urban, technological, industrial, fast-changing environment?  Arthur Schlesinger, Sr., the great historian, remarked (p. 277) that American religion after the Civil War faced “two great challenges: (1) to their system of thought and (2) to their social program.”  Today we consider new challenges to the religions’ SYSTEMS OF THOUGHT.  

TERMS TO KNOW:

  1. Charles Darwin
  2. Herbert Spencer
  3. Social Darwinism
  4. “Higher Criticism”
  5. E. D. Starbuck
  6. William Graham Sumner
  7. Robert Ingersoll, Why I am an Agnostic (1896)
  8. Andrew White, History of the Warfare of Science and Theology (1896)
  9. John Fiske, Outline of Cosmic Philosophy (1874)
  10. “New Theology”
  11. Washington Gladden
  12. Horace Bushnell
  13. “Chicago Approach to Theology”
  14. James Woodrow
  15. Premillenialism
  16. J. N. Darby & “dispensationalism”
  17. Religion of Humanity
  18. Phineas Quimby
  19. Mary Baker Eddy
  20. Charles & Mrytle Fillmore & “Unity.”

 

QUESTIONS:  

The late 1800s were marked by an ever-increasing tension between Science and Religion.  What were the issues at stake?  What were some possible solutions to this conflict?

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